ABDUL RASHID is a member of the Ottawa Muslim community, the Christian-Muslim Dialogue and the Capital Region Interfaith Council.
The Holy Qur'an tells us that God Almighty has created whatever is in the world for the benefit of humanity. "And He has subjected to you (as a gift) from Him all that is in the heavens and on earth: behold in that are Signs indeed for those who reflect" (45: 13).
While the essentials for life - like air and water - are free for all, other things require compensation to obtain and use. Since to enjoy comfort and a high standard of living are common human desires, only those who are prosperous can obtain these.
While Islam abhors asceticism, it also condemns extravagance. The Divine command is to enjoy God's blessings "and eat and drink: but waste not by excess for God does not love not the wasters" (7: 31).
Islam does not consider possession of wealth and good things of life contrary to piety. A believer considers prosperity a gift of God Almighty. He or she is full of gratitude and love for the Merciful Creator. The way to express this love and gratitude is "to spend of your substance out of love for Him for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who ask and for the ransom of slaves; to be steadfast in prayer and practise regular charity" (2: 177).
God Almighty says: "That which is on earth We have made but as a glittering show for the earth in order that We may test them as to which of them (human beings) are best in conduct" (18: 7). The Holy Qur'an emphasizes, repeatedly, that this conduct lies in recognizing the importance of sharing of our well-being with those who are in need.
Rev. GEOFFREY KERSLAKE is a priest of the Roman Catholic archdiocese of Ottawa.
Christians believe that we are pilgrims in this life on a journey to our true and eternal home, the heavenly Jerusalem. Jesus, by his very life, debunked the idea that wealth was a sign of God's favour: Jesus experienced profound poverty in descending from heaven to share with us the human condition as the great hymn in Paul's letter to the Philippians reminds us: "Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not regard equality with God as something to be exploited, but emptied himself, taking the form of a slave, being born in human likeness" (Phil 2: 5-7).
Jesus, in the Gospels, repeatedly reminds us that we are to look after the poor; they have a special place in God's heart. In Luke's Gospel, Jesus tells his followers that when they host a banquet they should not invite the rich, the powerful or the famous but rather "when you give a banquet, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, and the blind. And you will be blessed, because they cannot repay you, for you will be repaid at the resurrection of the righteous" (Lk 14: 13-14). St. John Chrysostom wrote: "Not to enable the poor to share in our goods is to steal from them and deprive them of life. "
Christians do not set their hearts on making money or prosperity, because God must have first place in our hearts as Jesus reminds his disciples: "Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also" (Mt 6: 21). Some of the unhappiest people I have met are the ones who are so wealthy that they forget they need God. We are not to make money, or success, or power more important than loving God and loving our neighbour.
Rev. Ray Innen Parchelo is a novice Tendai priest and founder of the Red Maple Sangha, the first lay Buddhist community in Eastern Ontario.
There is the false impression that all Buddhists want to abandon material prosperity, shave their heads and relocate to a mountain top. The Buddhaway asks no such absurd behaviour.
Buddhists are guided by precepts which are few, simple and open-ended. They allow us to interpret them according to our circumstance, aspiration and the larger body of Buddhist teaching. For us, the relevant precept here would be the eighth, which, in part, says: "I vow to challenge the promises of consumption, to restrain my use of luxuries, to avoid ... exploitation of the vulnerable ... and find skilful ways to use my material prosperity to fulfil all (eight) of these vows."
Material prosperity in the Buddhist life is never an end in itself, the way it can be for many secular people. Material prosperity is instrumental - it facilitates our fulfilling a larger purpose - compassionate service to all beings. We understand that everything is transient and so prosperity itself is fleeting, never the solution to the predicament of human suffering. Further, we understand that prosperity comes at a cost to ourselves and others - people, animals and the environment.
The desire for prosperity is more important than what one possesses. Attachment, in the sense of grasping on to what is fleeting, is recognized as the cause of our sorrow. Should we, in the course of our lives, gain or lose wealth, this in itself is neither helpful or otherwise. The crucial factors are the intention and action. A poor person can be as attached to a few coins as a millionaire to great wealth. A wealthy person can be a great and generous benefactor, using their wealth for the benefit of others. Are we trying to hold or inflate the ever-changing my-me-mine we imagine, or are we making use of this precious human life to effect the awakening of all our fellow beings?
Balpreet Singh is legal counsel and acting executive director for the World Sikh Organization of Canada.
In the Sikh faith, the values we hold as essential are spirituality, equality of all, compassion and selfless service. If we look at prosperity simply as having the most money and material possessions, then it can probably be referred to as greed and it does, indeed, conflict with religious values.
Sikhs aren't taught to renounce the world or to forsake their personal wealth and possessions. But, at the same time, it is important to understand that material possessions are not the source of happiness or "prosperity." Prosperity is about inner tranquility and contentment, and the Sikh Gurus taught that these are not possible without having a spiritual relationship with God.
The path to prosperity for Sikhs is threefold: meditate on naam (God's name), earn an honest living and finally share those earnings with others. Each of these three principles addresses a different kind of wealth and prosperity. Meditation on naam creates spiritual wealth and builds inner strength; earning an honest living allows an individual to have the material resources needed to live in the world; and finally, sharing one's earnings helps create a harmonious society in which no one goes without.
A view of prosperity as simply having the most money creates a selfish and destructive attitude. Such an attitude is guided by self-interest and does not allow an individual to live in harmony with others. Guru Nanak describes a self-interested person as follows: "Whatever he takes, he does not share with others. Seeking to earn more and more, he is troubled and uneasy." (ang 1412).
True prosperity is much more holistic than just personal wealth and does not conflict with religious values in any way. But if one defines prosperity as simply having the most money and possessions, then that is not only in conflict with religious values, but also social values.
Jack McLean is a Bahà'i scholar, teacher, essayist and poet published in the fields of spirituality, Bahà'i theology and poetry.
The desire for prosperity/wealth is entirely compatible with religious values. Prosperity or wealth are necessary to provide for one's family and oneself, to perform acts of charity for the relief of the poor and unfortunate, to promote the interests and institutions of the Bahá'í Faith, and to administer socio-economic projects that will benefit both developing and developed nations.
Bahá'u'lláh (1817-1892), the Prophet-Founder of the youngest of the world's religions, advises that wealth is actually necessary for the responsible person, once maturity is attained. The inference here is that the immature person can squander wealth or harm himself or others by misusing it: "Having attained the stage of fulfilment and reached his maturity, man standeth in need of wealth, and such wealth as he acquireth through crafts or professions is commendable and praiseworthy in the estimation of men of wisdom . " (Tablets, p. 34).
However, to be of lasting benefit, material means must rest firmly on moral and spiritual principles. 'Abdu'l-Bahá (1844-1921), the son, successor and interpreter of Bahá'u'lláh's teachings, advised: "Until material achievements, physical accomplishments and human virtues are reinforced by spiritual perfections, luminous qualities and characteristics of mercy, no fruit or result shall issue therefrom, nor will the happiness of the world of humanity, which is the ultimate aim, be attained" (Selections, p. 283). History confirms this assertion.
In 1996, the Bahá'í International Community's Office of Public Information at the United Nations issued "The Prosperity of Humankind," an incisive statement that explored 'Abdu'l-Bahá's claim. Rejecting purely materialistic approaches to development, the authors maintained: "It is unrealistic to imagine that the vision of the next stage in the advancement of civilization can be formulated without a searching re-examination of the attitudes and assumptions that currently underlie approaches to social and economic development" (p. 5).
© Copyright (c) The Ottawa Citizen