Key to Pronunciation Symbols |
Gurm |
Symbols romanization |
Examples of Pronunciation |
a,A,e |
a |
abut, ago, abroad, achieve, adopt, agree, alone, banana |
s |
s |
source, less, simple, some |
h |
h |
hat, head, hand, happy |
k |
k |
kin, cook, ache, kick, cat |
K |
kh |
German i ch, Buch (deep palatal sound of k) Khaki (a yellowish color), Khomeni (Ayatula) |
g |
g |
go, big, gift, gag, game |
G |
gh |
Deep palatal sound of �g� something like in ghost |
| |
ny |
Must be learnt. |
c |
ch |
chin, nature, church |
C |
chh |
Similar to sh in shin, must be learnt |
j |
j |
job, gem, edge, join, judge |
J |
jh |
Deep labial sound of �j� |
\ |
nj |
Must be learnt. |
t |
t |
tie, attack, tin, tap, |
T |
th |
thug, |
f |
d |
did, adder, deed, dam, double, |
F |
dh |
Deep palatal sound of �d� |
x |
n |
Must be learnt. |
q |
t |
Must be learnt. |
Q |
th |
thin, thick, three, ether, |
d |
d |
the, then, either, this, there |
D |
Dh |
Deep labial sound of ' the' |
n |
n |
no, own, sudden, nib, |
p |
p |
pepper, lip, pit, paper |
P |
f |
fifty, cuff, phase, rough, fit, foot, fur |
b |
b |
baby, rib, bib, button, |
B |
bh |
Deep palatal sound of �b� |
m |
m |
mum, murmur, dim, nymph |
X |
y |
yard, young, union |
r |
r |
red, car, rarity, rose |
l |
l |
lily, pool, lid, needle, lamb |
v |
v |
vivid, give, live |
V |
rh |
Deep palatal sound of �r� (must be learnt) |
S |
sh |
shy, mission, machine, special |
^ |
kh |
Deep palatal sound of �kh� |
Z |
g |
Deep palatal sound of �g� |
z |
z |
zone, raise, zebra, xylem |
& |
f |
Deep labial sound of �f� |
L |
l |
Deep palatal sound of �l� |
H |
H |
Same as �h� but of short duration |
@ |
H |
Same as �h� but of short duration |
ç |
ch |
Same as �ch� but of short duration |
� |
t |
Same as �t� but of short duration |
� |
t |
Same as �t� but of short duration |
� |
n |
Same as �n� but of short duration |
� |
y |
Same as �y� but of short duration |
R |
r |
Same as �r� but of short duration |
Í |
v |
Same as �v� but of short duration |
w |
aa |
b other, cot, father, cart, palm |
W |
aaN |
This adds nasal tone to �aa� |
i |
i |
t ip, banish, active, pit, it, give |
I |
ee |
nosebl eed, bee, feed, beat, |
u |
u |
b ull, pull, full, cure hood, book |
U |
oo |
c ool, pool, boot, tool, rule |
y |
ay |
r ay, say, day, hay, bay |
Y |
ai |
m at, map, bad, lad, glad, rat, bat, |
o |
o |
b one, know, toe, note, go |
O |
ou |
out, pound, now, loud |
N |
N |
indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the nasal passages open, as in French un bon vln blanc |
M |
N |
indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the nasal passages open, as in French un bon vln blanc |
E |
o |
oak, oath, oatmeal, |